DDL Internals

These are some of the constructs used to generate migration instructions. The APIs here build off of the sqlalchemy.schema.DDLElement and Custom SQL Constructs and Compilation Extension systems.

For programmatic usage of Alembic’s migration directives, the easiest route is to use the higher level functions given by Operation Directives.

class alembic.ddl.base.AddColumn(name, column, schema=None)

class alembic.ddl.base.AlterColumn(name, column_name, schema=None, existing_type=None, existing_nullable=None, existing_server_default=None)

class alembic.ddl.base.AlterTable(table_name, schema=None)

Represent an ALTER TABLE statement.

Only the string name and optional schema name of the table is required, not a full Table object.

class alembic.ddl.base.ColumnDefault(name, column_name, default, **kw)

class alembic.ddl.base.ColumnName(name, column_name, newname, **kw)

class alembic.ddl.base.ColumnNullable(name, column_name, nullable, **kw)

class alembic.ddl.base.ColumnType(name, column_name, type_, **kw)

class alembic.ddl.base.DropColumn(name, column, schema=None)

class alembic.ddl.base.RenameTable(old_table_name, new_table_name, schema=None)

alembic.ddl.base.add_column(compiler, column, **kw)

alembic.ddl.base.alter_column(compiler, name)

alembic.ddl.base.alter_table(compiler, name, schema)

alembic.ddl.base.drop_column(compiler, name)

alembic.ddl.base.format_column_name(compiler, name)

alembic.ddl.base.format_server_default(compiler, default)

alembic.ddl.base.format_table_name(compiler, name, schema)

alembic.ddl.base.format_type(compiler, type_)

alembic.ddl.base.quote_dotted(name, quote)

quote the elements of a dotted name

alembic.ddl.base.visit_add_column(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.base.visit_column_default(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.base.visit_column_name(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.base.visit_column_nullable(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.base.visit_column_type(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.base.visit_drop_column(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.base.visit_rename_table(element, compiler, **kw)

class alembic.ddl.impl.DefaultImpl(dialect, connection, as_sql, transactional_ddl, output_buffer, context_opts)

Provide the entrypoint for major migration operations, including database-specific behavioral variances.

While individual SQL/DDL constructs already provide for database-specific implementations, variances here allow for entirely different sequences of operations to take place for a particular migration, such as SQL Server’s special ‘IDENTITY INSERT’ step for bulk inserts.

add_column(table_name, column, schema=None)

add_constraint(const)

alter_column(table_name, column_name, nullable=None, server_default=False, name=None, type_=None, schema=None, autoincrement=None, existing_type=None, existing_server_default=None, existing_nullable=None, existing_autoincrement=None)

autogen_column_reflect(inspector, table, column_info)

A hook that is attached to the ‘column_reflect’ event for when a Table is reflected from the database during the autogenerate process.

Dialects can elect to modify the information gathered here.

bind

bulk_insert(table, rows, multiinsert=True)

command_terminator = ';'

compare_server_default(inspector_column, metadata_column, rendered_metadata_default, rendered_inspector_default)

compare_type(inspector_column, metadata_column)

correct_for_autogen_constraints(conn_uniques, conn_indexes, metadata_unique_constraints, metadata_indexes)

correct_for_autogen_foreignkeys(conn_fks, metadata_fks)

create_index(index)

create_table(table)

drop_column(table_name, column, schema=None, **kw)

drop_constraint(const)

drop_index(index)

drop_table(table)

emit_begin()

Emit the string BEGIN, or the backend-specific equivalent, on the current connection context.

This is used in offline mode and typically via EnvironmentContext.begin_transaction().

emit_commit()

Emit the string COMMIT, or the backend-specific equivalent, on the current connection context.

This is used in offline mode and typically via EnvironmentContext.begin_transaction().

execute(sql, execution_options=None)

classmethod get_by_dialect(dialect)

prep_table_for_batch(table)

perform any operations needed on a table before a new one is created to replace it in batch mode.

the PG dialect uses this to drop constraints on the table before the new one uses those same names.

rename_table(old_table_name, new_table_name, schema=None)

requires_recreate_in_batch(batch_op)

Return True if the given BatchOperationsImpl would need the table to be recreated and copied in order to proceed.

Normally, only returns True on SQLite when operations other than add_column are present.

start_migrations()

A hook called when EnvironmentContext.run_migrations() is called.

Implementations can set up per-migration-run state here.

static_output(text)

transactional_ddl = False

class alembic.ddl.impl.ImplMeta(classname, bases, dict_)

MySQL

class alembic.ddl.mysql.MySQLAlterDefault(name, column_name, default, schema=None)

Bases: alembic.ddl.base.AlterColumn

class alembic.ddl.mysql.MySQLChangeColumn(name, column_name, schema=None, newname=None, type_=None, nullable=None, default=False, autoincrement=None)

Bases: alembic.ddl.base.AlterColumn

class alembic.ddl.mysql.MySQLImpl(dialect, connection, as_sql, transactional_ddl, output_buffer, context_opts)

Bases: alembic.ddl.impl.DefaultImpl

alter_column(table_name, column_name, nullable=None, server_default=False, name=None, type_=None, schema=None, existing_type=None, existing_server_default=None, existing_nullable=None, autoincrement=None, existing_autoincrement=None, **kw)

compare_server_default(inspector_column, metadata_column, rendered_metadata_default, rendered_inspector_default)

correct_for_autogen_constraints(conn_unique_constraints, conn_indexes, metadata_unique_constraints, metadata_indexes)

correct_for_autogen_foreignkeys(conn_fks, metadata_fks)

transactional_ddl = False

class alembic.ddl.mysql.MySQLModifyColumn(name, column_name, schema=None, newname=None, type_=None, nullable=None, default=False, autoincrement=None)

Bases: alembic.ddl.mysql.MySQLChangeColumn

MS-SQL

class alembic.ddl.mssql.MSSQLImpl(*arg, **kw)

Bases: alembic.ddl.impl.DefaultImpl

alter_column(table_name, column_name, nullable=None, server_default=False, name=None, type_=None, schema=None, existing_type=None, existing_server_default=None, existing_nullable=None, **kw)

batch_separator = 'GO'

bulk_insert(table, rows, **kw)

drop_column(table_name, column, **kw)

emit_begin()

emit_commit()

transactional_ddl = True

alembic.ddl.mssql.mssql_add_column(compiler, column, **kw)

alembic.ddl.mssql.visit_add_column(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.mssql.visit_column_default(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.mssql.visit_column_nullable(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.mssql.visit_column_type(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.mssql.visit_rename_column(element, compiler, **kw)

alembic.ddl.mssql.visit_rename_table(element, compiler, **kw)

Postgresql

class alembic.ddl.postgresql.PostgresqlImpl(dialect, connection, as_sql, transactional_ddl, output_buffer, context_opts)

Bases: alembic.ddl.impl.DefaultImpl

autogen_column_reflect(inspector, table, column_info)

compare_server_default(inspector_column, metadata_column, rendered_metadata_default, rendered_inspector_default)

correct_for_autogen_constraints(conn_unique_constraints, conn_indexes, metadata_unique_constraints, metadata_indexes)

prep_table_for_batch(table)

transactional_ddl = True

alembic.ddl.postgresql.visit_rename_table(element, compiler, **kw)

SQLite

class alembic.ddl.sqlite.SQLiteImpl(dialect, connection, as_sql, transactional_ddl, output_buffer, context_opts)

Bases: alembic.ddl.impl.DefaultImpl

add_constraint(const)

compare_server_default(inspector_column, metadata_column, rendered_metadata_default, rendered_inspector_default)

correct_for_autogen_constraints(conn_unique_constraints, conn_indexes, metadata_unique_constraints, metadata_indexes)

drop_constraint(const)

requires_recreate_in_batch(batch_op)

Return True if the given BatchOperationsImpl would need the table to be recreated and copied in order to proceed.

Normally, only returns True on SQLite when operations other than add_column are present.

transactional_ddl = False

SQLite supports transactional DDL, but pysqlite does not: see: http://bugs.python.org/issue10740